Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin.
Identifieur interne : 000534 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000533; suivant : 000535Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin.
Auteurs : Hua-Xi Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiao-Qiu Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Wei-Dan Jiang [République populaire de Chine] ; Pei Wu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yang Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Yun-Yun Zeng [République populaire de Chine] ; Jun Jiang [République populaire de Chine] ; Sheng-Yao Kuang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ling Tang [République populaire de Chine] ; Lin Feng [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Fish & shellfish immunology [ 1095-9947 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Acid phosphatase (immunologie), Acide lipoïque (pharmacologie), Aeromonas hydrophila (MeSH), Animaux (MeSH), Carpes (poisson) (immunologie), Carpes (poisson) (microbiologie), Complément C3 (immunologie), Complément C4 (immunologie), Cytokines (génétique), Cytokines (immunologie), Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (immunologie), Immunoglobuline M (immunologie), Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif (immunologie), Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif (médecine vétérinaire), Lysozyme (immunologie), Maladies des poissons (immunologie), Peau (immunologie), Rate (immunologie), Rein céphalique (immunologie), Transduction du signal (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques).
- MESH :
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Transduction du signal.
- génétique : Cytokines.
- immunologie : Acid phosphatase, Carpes (poisson), Complément C3, Complément C4, Cytokines, Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B, Immunoglobuline M, Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif, Lysozyme, Maladies des poissons, Peau, Rate, Rein céphalique.
- microbiologie : Carpes (poisson).
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif.
- pharmacologie : Acide lipoïque.
- Aeromonas hydrophila, Animaux.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acid Phosphatase (immunology), Aeromonas hydrophila (MeSH), Animals (MeSH), Carps (immunology), Carps (microbiology), Complement C3 (immunology), Complement C4 (immunology), Cytokines (genetics), Cytokines (immunology), Fish Diseases (immunology), Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (immunology), Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (veterinary), Head Kidney (immunology), Immunoglobulin M (immunology), Muramidase (immunology), NF-kappa B (immunology), Signal Transduction (drug effects), Skin (immunology), Spleen (immunology), Thioctic Acid (pharmacology).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Cytokines.
- chemical , immunology : Acid Phosphatase, Complement C3, Complement C4, Cytokines, Immunoglobulin M, Muramidase, NF-kappa B.
- drug effects : Signal Transduction.
- immunology : Carps, Fish Diseases, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Head Kidney, Skin, Spleen.
- microbiology : Carps.
- chemical , pharmacology : Thioctic Acid.
- veterinary : Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.
- Aeromonas hydrophila, Animals.
Abstract
This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg-1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the head kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg-1 diet, respectively.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.057
PubMed: 30018021
Affiliations:
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Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Yun Yun" sort="Zeng, Yun Yun" uniqKey="Zeng Y" first="Yun-Yun" last="Zeng">Yun-Yun Zeng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Jun" sort="Jiang, Jun" uniqKey="Jiang J" first="Jun" last="Jiang">Jun Jiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuang, Sheng Yao" sort="Kuang, Sheng Yao" uniqKey="Kuang S" first="Sheng-Yao" last="Kuang">Sheng-Yao Kuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>610066</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ling" sort="Tang, Ling" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling" last="Tang">Ling Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>610066</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Lin" sort="Feng, Lin" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Lin" last="Feng">Lin Feng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. 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Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Wei Dan" sort="Jiang, Wei Dan" uniqKey="Jiang W" first="Wei-Dan" last="Jiang">Wei-Dan Jiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Pei" sort="Wu, Pei" uniqKey="Wu P" first="Pei" last="Wu">Pei Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yang" sort="Liu, Yang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yang" last="Liu">Yang Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Yun Yun" sort="Zeng, Yun Yun" uniqKey="Zeng Y" first="Yun-Yun" last="Zeng">Yun-Yun Zeng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Jun" sort="Jiang, Jun" uniqKey="Jiang J" first="Jun" last="Jiang">Jun Jiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuang, Sheng Yao" sort="Kuang, Sheng Yao" uniqKey="Kuang S" first="Sheng-Yao" last="Kuang">Sheng-Yao Kuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>610066</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ling" sort="Tang, Ling" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling" last="Tang">Ling Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>610066</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Lin" sort="Feng, Lin" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Lin" last="Feng">Lin Feng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: fenglin@sicau.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Fish & shellfish immunology</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9947</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acid Phosphatase (immunology)</term><term>Aeromonas hydrophila (MeSH)</term><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Carps (immunology)</term><term>Carps (microbiology)</term><term>Complement C3 (immunology)</term><term>Complement C4 (immunology)</term><term>Cytokines (genetics)</term><term>Cytokines (immunology)</term><term>Fish Diseases (immunology)</term><term>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (immunology)</term><term>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Head Kidney (immunology)</term><term>Immunoglobulin M (immunology)</term><term>Muramidase (immunology)</term><term>NF-kappa B (immunology)</term><term>Signal Transduction (drug effects)</term><term>Skin (immunology)</term><term>Spleen (immunology)</term><term>Thioctic Acid (pharmacology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acid phosphatase (immunologie)</term><term>Acide lipoïque (pharmacologie)</term><term>Aeromonas hydrophila (MeSH)</term><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Carpes (poisson) (immunologie)</term><term>Carpes (poisson) (microbiologie)</term><term>Complément C3 (immunologie)</term><term>Complément C4 (immunologie)</term><term>Cytokines (génétique)</term><term>Cytokines (immunologie)</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (immunologie)</term><term>Immunoglobuline M (immunologie)</term><term>Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif (immunologie)</term><term>Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Lysozyme (immunologie)</term><term>Maladies des poissons (immunologie)</term><term>Peau (immunologie)</term><term>Rate (immunologie)</term><term>Rein céphalique (immunologie)</term><term>Transduction du signal (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytokines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Acid Phosphatase</term><term>Complement C3</term><term>Complement C4</term><term>Cytokines</term><term>Immunoglobulin M</term><term>Muramidase</term><term>NF-kappa B</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Signal Transduction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Transduction du signal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cytokines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acid phosphatase</term><term>Carpes (poisson)</term><term>Complément C3</term><term>Complément C4</term><term>Cytokines</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B</term><term>Immunoglobuline M</term><term>Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif</term><term>Lysozyme</term><term>Maladies des poissons</term><term>Peau</term><term>Rate</term><term>Rein céphalique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Carps</term><term>Fish Diseases</term><term>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections</term><term>Head Kidney</term><term>Skin</term><term>Spleen</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Carpes (poisson)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Carps</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections bactériennes à Gram négatif</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide lipoïque</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Thioctic Acid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aeromonas hydrophila</term><term>Animals</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aeromonas hydrophila</term><term>Animaux</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the head kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> diet, respectively.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30018021</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>29</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-9947</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>80</Volume><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Fish & shellfish immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Fish Shellfish Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>600-617</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1050-4648(18)30398-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.057</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the head kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> diet, respectively.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Hua-Xi</ForeName><Initials>HX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Qiu</ForeName><Initials>XQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiang</LastName><ForeName>Wei-Dan</ForeName><Initials>WD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Pei</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Yang</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zeng</LastName><ForeName>Yun-Yun</ForeName><Initials>YY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiang</LastName><ForeName>Jun</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kuang</LastName><ForeName>Sheng-Yao</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Ling</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Lin</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: fenglin@sicau.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Fish Shellfish Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9505220</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1050-4648</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003176">Complement C3</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003181">Complement C4</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D016207">Cytokines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007075">Immunoglobulin M</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D016328">NF-kappa B</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>73Y7P0K73Y</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008063">Thioctic Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.3.2</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000135">Acid Phosphatase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.2.1.17</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009113">Muramidase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000135" MajorTopicYN="N">Acid Phosphatase</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016980" MajorTopicYN="N">Aeromonas hydrophila</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002347" MajorTopicYN="N">Carps</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003176" MajorTopicYN="N">Complement C3</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003181" MajorTopicYN="N">Complement C4</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016207" MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokines</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005393" MajorTopicYN="N">Fish Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016905" MajorTopicYN="N">Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="N">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060226" MajorTopicYN="N">Head Kidney</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007075" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunoglobulin M</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009113" MajorTopicYN="N">Muramidase</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016328" MajorTopicYN="N">NF-kappa B</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012867" MajorTopicYN="N">Skin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013154" MajorTopicYN="N">Spleen</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008063" MajorTopicYN="N">Thioctic Acid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Excessive LA</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Head kidney</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Immune function</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Skin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spleen</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">α-lipoic acid (LA)</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2018</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30018021</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1050-4648(18)30398-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.057</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liu, Hua Xi" sort="Liu, Hua Xi" uniqKey="Liu H" first="Hua-Xi" last="Liu">Hua-Xi Liu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Feng, Lin" sort="Feng, Lin" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Lin" last="Feng">Lin Feng</name><name sortKey="Jiang, Jun" sort="Jiang, Jun" uniqKey="Jiang J" first="Jun" last="Jiang">Jun Jiang</name><name sortKey="Jiang, Wei Dan" sort="Jiang, Wei Dan" uniqKey="Jiang W" first="Wei-Dan" last="Jiang">Wei-Dan Jiang</name><name sortKey="Kuang, Sheng Yao" sort="Kuang, Sheng Yao" uniqKey="Kuang S" first="Sheng-Yao" last="Kuang">Sheng-Yao Kuang</name><name sortKey="Liu, Yang" sort="Liu, Yang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yang" last="Liu">Yang Liu</name><name sortKey="Tang, Ling" sort="Tang, Ling" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling" last="Tang">Ling Tang</name><name sortKey="Wu, Pei" sort="Wu, Pei" uniqKey="Wu P" first="Pei" last="Wu">Pei Wu</name><name sortKey="Zeng, Yun Yun" sort="Zeng, Yun Yun" uniqKey="Zeng Y" first="Yun-Yun" last="Zeng">Yun-Yun Zeng</name><name sortKey="Zhou, Xiao Qiu" sort="Zhou, Xiao Qiu" uniqKey="Zhou X" first="Xiao-Qiu" last="Zhou">Xiao-Qiu Zhou</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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